There is an old Bob Dylan song that goes “The Times They Are a Changing.”
Well for employers, when it comes to workplace safety, we can add that “The Times They Have Changed.” Under President Obama’s leadership and as part of a longer-term enforcement strategy, Occupational Health and Safety Issues have been given new life and greater prominence in the American workplace. OSHA’s personnel, who for many years shied away from enforcement and focused on education, participation, consultation and training to effect change in the workplace, are now being re-programmed to return to the foundation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act i.e., enforcement of rules and regulations.
While some may argue with the wisdom or even the merit of such an action, the reality is that for the next few years, employers can expect stronger enforcement of the OSHA rules.
David Michaels, Assistant Secretary of labor, has outlined some ambitious and yes, aggressive plans to change the face of occupational health and safety in the United States. Since his appointment, Mr. Michaels has not wasted any time in letting employers and any interested parties know about his plans to, in his words, ”Bring OSHA into the 21st Century.”
The following is a brief summary of some of the important changes:
1. Increased enforcement.
In support of this goal, Department of Labor FY 2010 budget request included provisions to increase the budget to allow for the hiring of approximately 160 additional compliance staff. In Mr. Michaels view, insufficient resources were being directed to enforcement inspections. He has already directed his staff to reassign some VPP (Voluntary Protection Programs) personnel to the enforcement program in an effort to achieve his enforcement goals.
2. Increased Penalties
In his testimony on “Workforce Protection” to the US House of Representatives on March 16, 2010; Mr. Michaels indicated that while OSHA has been around for over 40 years, monetary penalties for violation of the act had only increased once and that the current average OSHA penalty was $1,000.00, which in his view was not a sufficient deterrent to employers who would violate the regulations. He went on to say “the maximum civil penalty OSHA may impose… even when the death is caused by a willful violation of an OSHA requirement — is $70,000.” By contrast, he argued that the Environmental Protection Agency can impose a penalty of $270,000 for violations of the Clean Air Act.
Employers can take some comfort that given the recent changes in the political landscape in Washington, it is highly unlikely that congress will give approval to increasing the maximum fines. However OSHA is undaunted, within the existing rules they have already increased individual fines, instructed inspectors not to negotiate fines down and to look to existing regulation to issue per-employee fines for specified violations. In short the fines have and are increasing compared to historical norms.
3. Increased Scrutiny of OSHA 300 Record Keeping Logs: Employers beware 2011 will be Record Keeping Inspection Year!
OSHA compliance directive 10-07 (CPL 02) became effective September 28, 2010. The purpose of this directive was to officially place the subject of Injury and Illness Recordkeeping under the purview of the National Emphasis Program (NEP). The special emphasis is scheduled to run through February 2012.
Given that recordkeeping has been around for as long as the Occupational Safety and Health Act, one could reasonably ask why it should now be classified under the NEP. After all, NEP is normally reserved for industries or issues that cause a high rate of injuries or illnesses. Well, the short answer is that there has been a long held suspicion that the injury illness data entered yearly on the OSHA logs were inaccurate.
This suspicion was confirmed with the release of a study conducted by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) to determine the accuracy of employer injury illness records (300 and 301 logs) concluded that there were significant inaccuracies and under-reporting in the data collected. Some of the reasons for these inaccuracies cited in the GAO report included worker and employer disincentives e.g., employers were concerned about the impact of workers compensation frequency and severity rates on their insurance cost and some employees were fearful of job loss if they reported injuries. Added to these was the lack of understanding of OSHA’s recordkeeping requirements by many employers.
The findings were disturbing given that OSHA and the BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics) rely on this information to target employers in high hazard industries for enforcement activities, outreach, technical assistance and to measure their overall performance in reducing workplace injuries and illnesses.
Among the many recommendations of the report was that OSHA should take action to force companies to improve the accuracy of workplace injury and illness data recording and update the list of high hazard industries used to select worksites for recordkeeping reviews. Thus, as a result of the findings of the report, the Injury and Illness Recordkeeping National Emphasis Program directive was issued. Therefore the likelihood that your establishments will be visited by enforcement officials in 2011 has increased, markedly, especially for those industries newly included in the updated list (BLS SNR02 tables for 2007 and 2008). See Appendix A. The Office of Statistical Analysis (OSA) will supply each OSHA area office with a list of establishments to be slated for recordkeeping enforcement action.
The focus of the NEP will primarily be on manufacturing industries a DART (Days Away, Restricted or Transferred) rate ranging from 4.2 to 8. A DART rate is computed using the formula – (N/EH) x (200,000) where N is the number of cases involving days away y from work and or restricted work activity, and or work transfer. EH is the total number of hours worked by all employees during a calendar year. 200,000 is the number of hours worked for 100 full-time equivalent employees.
What will they do when they come?
Opening conferenceHere the compliance officer will distribute an explanatory letter outlining the purpose and scope of the record inspection and verify the employer’s NAICS code. See Appendix B for sample letter.
Data review
The compliance officer will conduct a comprehensive review of employee record to identify any injuries illnesses that may have occurred during the review period i.e; 2008 and 2009 calendar year. Payroll/absentee records, medical record, alternate duty rosters and disciplinary action reports related to injuries/accidents will be included in the review.
Determination of sample size of employee records to be reviewed
For establishments with 100 and fewer employees, all employee records will be reviewed; establishments with 101-250 will have 50% of the records reviewed and for establishments with more that 250, 33% of the records will be reviewed
Selected records to be reviewed
The compliance officer will review all pertinent records for each employee selected and compare the cases with those appearing on the OSHA 300 log for accuracy. If the employer uses an outside clinic for medical treatment, the compliance officer will visit that facility to review pertinent records.
Interview of Designated Recordkeeper
The compliance officer will interview the designated recordkeeper to determine their knowledge of the injuries and illnesses recording requirements. Any discovery of disincentives to the accurate recording of injuries/illnesses will be noted.
Employee Interviews
A sub-sample of employees will be interviewed using a supplied employee questionnaire. For establishments with less than 100 employees, at least 10 employees; establishments with 101-250, 15 employees and establishment with 250 or more employees, interview with at least 20 employees. Here too, if the compliance officer learns of any actions by the employer that could be construed as a disincentive, it must be documented.
Conduct Management Interviews
Interviews will be conducted with management to determine any practices or procedures that could act as a disincentive to the accurate recording of injuries and illnesses. They will probe to see to what extent management may have influenced or discourage employees from seeking medical attention or reporting injuries and illnesses. Here too, all negative actions will be documented.
Interviews with First Aid Providers and Health Care Professionals
The compliance officer will interview individuals who provide medical or first aid treatment to determine whether illness and injury data is being recorded consistently and they are being unduly influenced by management in their efforts to accurately report data.
Walkaround Inspection – Employers take Note!
A limited workplace inspection will be conducted with each NEP recordkeeping visit. While the focus will primarily be on issues related to recordkeeping, any violation of the OSHA standards noted will be addressed through normal enforcement protocol. Beware anything in plain view could trigger enforcement action and therefore a citation. Money out of your pocket and time from running your business.
Closing Conference
The compliance officer will conclude their visit with the customary closing conference where they will discuss their findings in both the record review and the walkaround inspection.
Citations
Employers will not be cited for over-reporting of cases.
Violations of the recordkeeping regulations will be classified as “other-than-serious.” Violations classified as “willful,” “repeat,” or “failure to abate,” will be sent to the regional administrator for action.
Closer scrutiny of recordkeeping data has already begun in Florida as the following report will attest:
The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has proposed $66,500 in penalties against Florida Crystals Corporation's South Bay, Fla., production facility after uncovering 15 violations of OSHA standards. The one other-than-serious citation, with proposed penalties totaling $3,000, is for the company's failure to maintain separate injury logs for each of its establishments in 2006, 2007 and 2008.
In conclusion, employers be forewarned that the “The Times They are a Changing” but all is not lost as Seitlin offers Seitlin 360° Online, an online risk management resource center that in addition to providing powerful risk management tools assists in maintaining your OSHA 300 logs quickly and easily.
Sources:
"10-07 (CPL 02) - Injury and Illness Recordkeeping National Emphasis Program (RK NEP)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2011. http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=DIRECTIVES&p_id=4629.
"Maritime Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health Meeting." Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2011. http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=SPEECHES&p_id=2070.
Topic. "OASAM News Release: Secretary Hilda L. Solis unveils U.S. Department of LaborÂ’s budget for fiscal year 2010 [05/07/2009]." The U.S. Department of Labor Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2011. http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/oasam/OASAM20090489.htm.
"U.S. GAO - Workplace Safety and Health: Enhancing OSHA's Records Audit Process Could Improve the Accuracy of Worker Injury and Illness Data." U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2011. .
For more information, please contact:
Ryland Thompson, CSP, ARM, CSHM, CHSP, MS
Directory of Safety & Loss Control
Tel: 954.903.1609